What does the concept of natural law assert?

The concept of natural law asserts that human behavior is governed by universally applicable principles that are inherent in human nature and can be understood through reason. This philosophical tradition posits that there are certain moral laws and rights that exist independently of human-made laws. Proponents of natural law argue that these principles should guide the creation and interpretation of laws, as they reflect the fundamental rights and moral order necessary for human flourishing.

Natural law theory emphasizes that there are intrinsic rights that individuals possess simply by virtue of being human, which would not change based on governmental rules or cultural beliefs. This understanding helps shape philosophical discussions about justice and ethics, highlighting a moral foundation that supports the argument against arbitrary or unjust laws enacted by governments.

In contrast, the other options focus on perspectives that do not align with the essence of natural law. They disregard the inherent moral truths that natural law promotes or emphasize human-made laws as the only framework for understanding rights and behaviors.