What initiative was known as the New Deal?

The New Deal refers to a series of programs and policies implemented during the Great Depression in the 1930s, primarily under President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The primary aim of these initiatives was to provide relief for the unemployed, recover the economy, and reform the financial system to prevent a future depression.

The New Deal included various programs that targeted different sectors, such as the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), the Public Works Administration (PWA), and the Social Security Act, which collectively aimed to uplift the American populace during a time of severe economic downturn. This multifaceted approach was critical in shaping the role of the federal government in economic and social issues, establishing a framework for future government involvement in the economy.

In contrast, the other options pertain to entirely different contexts. The military strategy during World War II, educational reforms, and diplomatic efforts to improve relations with Europe are separate historical events and initiatives, not related to the New Deal's focus on economic recovery and social welfare. Thus, the identification of the New Deal as a series of programs aimed at addressing the Great Depression encapsulates its purpose and historical significance effectively.