What is the legal term for the refusal to testify against oneself in court?

The correct term for the refusal to testify against oneself in court is self-incrimination. This legal principle is rooted in the Fifth Amendment of the United States Constitution, which provides individuals the right not to answer questions or provide information that could be used to incriminate them in a criminal case. The concept of self-incrimination protects individuals from being forced to provide evidence or testimony that could lead to their own prosecution, ensuring a fair legal process.

In contrast, the other terms mentioned refer to different legal concepts. Due process pertains to the fair treatment and legal rights owed to individuals under the law. Double jeopardy is a protection against being tried for the same crime twice, and probable cause relates to the standard required for law enforcement to obtain a warrant or make an arrest. Understanding these distinctions helps clarify the specific legal protections afforded to individuals, particularly in criminal proceedings.