What principle does Dual Federalism represent?

Dual Federalism represents the idea that the powers and responsibilities of the federal and state governments are distinct and clearly defined. This principle was prevalent in the United States from the founding of the nation until the New Deal era in the 1930s. Under dual federalism, each level of government operates within its own sphere of authority, with limited interaction and cooperation between them.

The emphasis on distinct responsibilities means that the federal government handles certain national issues, such as defense and foreign policy, while the states manage local matters like education and public safety. This clear separation of powers is fundamental to understanding the federal system of governance in the U.S., as it emphasizes that both levels of government have their own roles and areas of jurisdiction without overriding each other.

This concept is contrasted with other ideas of federalism, such as cooperative federalism, where there is more overlap and collaboration between state and federal governments, which is not the case under dual federalism. Understanding this principle helps in grasping the historical context and evolution of the federal structure in the United States.