What theory does Locke's "Second Treatise on Civil Government" primarily focus on?

Locke's "Second Treatise on Civil Government" primarily focuses on the concept of natural rights. In his work, Locke argues that individuals have inherent rights simply by virtue of being human. These natural rights include life, liberty, and property, which he considers fundamental and inalienable. Locke posits that the role of government is to protect these rights, and if a government fails to do so, citizens have the right to overthrow it.

The emphasis on natural rights is a critical cornerstone of Locke's political philosophy, influencing the development of liberal democratic thought and the principles of modern constitutional governments. His articulation of natural rights laid the groundwork for later documents, such as the Declaration of Independence, demonstrating their significant role in shaping ideas about governance and individual freedoms.

While concepts like the social contract are also important in his work, they serve to explain how governments are formed and justified, primarily revolving around the protection of natural rights. Thus, the focus remains firmly on the recognition of inherent rights as the foundation of Locke's argument regarding the legitimacy and purpose of government.