Which act, enacted in 1764, imposed taxes on various goods such as sugar and coffee?

The correct choice is the Sugar Act, enacted in 1764. This act was significant because it marked one of the early instances of taxation imposed by the British Parliament on the American colonies, aiming to help pay off debts from the French and Indian War. The Sugar Act specifically placed duties on imported goods such as sugar and coffee, as well as textiles and wines, making these items more expensive for colonial consumers.

By lowering the tax on molasses, the act sought to eliminate the illegal trade of the substance, yet it still drew criticism for its enforcement measures and the general precedent it set for taxation without representation. The reaction to the Sugar Act helped lay the groundwork for future acts and protests that contributed to the American Revolution.

Understanding the impact of the Sugar Act allows students to grasp the growing tension between the colonies and Britain over issues of taxation and governance, which ultimately culminated in the push for independence.