Which government structure describes the idea where local governments operate with autonomy?

The federal system is characterized by a structure of government where power is divided between a central authority and various regional or local governments. In this arrangement, local governments possess a degree of autonomy, allowing them to operate independently within certain areas of governance. This means that local entities can enact laws, enforce policies, and manage resources without direct control from the national government, although they must still adhere to the overarching laws of the country.

This structure is beneficial because it allows for governance that is tailored to the specific needs and preferences of local populations, fostering a more responsive and accountable government. Additionally, the decentralized nature of a federal system can help prevent the concentration of power and promote diversity in policy and governance among different regions.

In contrast, a unitary system centralizes power in the national government, effectively limiting the autonomy of local governments. A confederation typically describes a loose alliance of independent states that retain most of their sovereignty while collaborating on certain issues, which can lead to inefficiencies and a lack of central authority. Meanwhile, a parliamentary system focuses on the composition and functioning of the legislative branch alongside the executive, but does not inherently speak to the autonomy of local governments.